2. What does existentialism emphasize in relation to existence and essence?
A. Essence precedes existence
B. Actions define essence
C. Essence determines existence
D. Existence is predetermined

3. When did existentialism gain popularity in Europe?
A. Before World War II
B. During World War II
C. After World War II
D. In the 19th century

4. What role does existentialism assign to individuals in determining their own lives?
A. Passive recipients of fate
B. Followers of societal norms
C. Active creators of their existence
D. Victims of external forces

5. How does existentialist education differ from traditional education?
A. Focuses on conformity
B. Emphasizes independence
C. Limits critical thinking
D. Ignores personal responsibility

6. Which subject is given importance in the existentialist curriculum for understanding human experiences?
A. Mathematics
B. Literature
C. Physics
D. Geography

7. Why is the study of literature emphasized in existentialist education?
A. To learn about ancient civilizations
B. To engage with diverse human experiences
C. To improve language skills
D. To understand scientific concepts

8. What does existentialism believe about the individual’s responsibility for their existence?
A. It lies with society
B. It is predetermined by birth
C. It is shared with a higher power
D. It rests on the individual

9. How does existentialism view the relationship between teachers and students?
A. Authoritarian
B. Collaborative
C. Distant
D. Indifferent

10. Who does existentialism consider as crucial teachers in a child’s development?
A. Peers
B. Siblings
C. Parents
D. School teachers

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11. What is the primary focus of existentialist education?
A. Social conformity
B. Personal growth
C. Academic achievement
D. Rote memorization

12. How does existentialism view the role of the individual in decision-making?
A. Others should make decisions for the individual
B. Decisions are predetermined
C. Individuals are responsible for their decisions
D. Decisions are irrelevant

13. Why are the humanities considered important in existentialist curriculum?
A. To focus on technical skills
B. To understand human experiences
C. To promote conformity
D. To avoid emotional engagement

14. What kind of knowledge is given less prominence in existentialist education?
A. Scientific
B. Historical
C. Social
D. Philosophical

15. Why is the Socratic method used in existentialist education?
A. To discourage participation
B. To promote critical thinking
C. To limit questioning
D. To enforce authority

16. How does existentialist education view the role of teachers in student development?
A. Authoritarian figures
B. Collaborative partners
C. Passive observers
D. Detached individuals

17. How does existentialism view the relationship between knowledge and survival in education?
A. Knowledge is irrelevant for survival
B. Knowledge is essential for survival
C. Survival is predetermined
D. Survival depends on luck

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18. What is the main focus of existentialist education in terms of student development?
A. Conformity
B. Critical thinking
C. Rote learning
D. Memorization

19. What role does existentialism assign to individuals in adjusting to their environment?
A. Others should adjust for the individual
B. Adjustment is irrelevant
C. Individuals should adjust for themselves
D. Adjustment is predetermined

20. Why does existentialism emphasize the individual’s responsibility for decision-making?
A. To avoid consequences
B. To promote personal growth
C. To discourage independence
D. To limit freedom

21. According to naturalism in education, what is considered the most important factor in human development?
a) Social interaction
b) Economic status
c) Nature
d) Technology

22. Which of the following best describes the naturalist view on curriculum?
a) A rigid and fixed set of subjects
b) Child-centered and flexible
c) Focused solely on academic subjects
d) Determined by societal norms

23. Which teaching method aligns with the naturalist philosophy?
a) Lecture-based instruction
b) Learning by doing
c) Memorization of facts
d) Teacher-centered approach

24. In naturalism, what is the role of the teacher?
a) Authoritarian figure
b) Laissez-faire observer
c) Facilitator and guide
d) Central authority in education

25. According to pragmatism, what is the true value of an idea or proposition?
a) Its abstract theoretical nature
b) Its practical utility
c) Its complexity
d) Its historical significance

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26. Which teaching method is emphasized by pragmatists?
a) Rote memorization
b) Experimental inquiry
c) Passive listening
d) Teacher-directed instruction

27. What is the main focus of the pragmatist view on curriculum?
a) Fixed and rigid subjects
b) Holistic development
c) Memorization of facts
d) Strict adherence to tradition

28. How do pragmatists view the role of the teacher?
a) Authoritarian figure
b) Laissez-faire observer
c) Guide and facilitator
d) Passive bystander

29. According to naturalism, what is the primary focus of education?
a) Society
b) Industry
c) The child
d) Religion

30. What is the primary emphasis of the pragmatist philosophy in education?
a) Theoretical knowledge
b) Practical application
c) Memorization
d) Tradition

31. Which subjects are emphasized in the naturalist curriculum?
a) Mathematics and physics
b) History and social studies
c) Philosophy and literature
d) Economics and politics

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32. Which teaching method aligns with naturalism?
a) Passive listening
b) Learning by doing
c) Memorization of facts
d) Teacher-directed instruction

33. How do naturalists view the role of the teacher?
a) Authoritarian figure
b) Laissez-faire observer
c) Facilitator and guide
d) Central authority in education

34. What distinguishes pragmatism from other educational philosophies?
a) Its focus on abstract theory
b) Its emphasis on practical utility
c) Its adherence to tradition
d) Its rejection of societal norms

35. What is the main method of teaching advocated by pragmatists?
a) Rote memorization
b) Experimental inquiry
c) Passive listening
d) Teacher-directed instruction

36. Which subjects are included in the pragmatist curriculum?
a) Only STEM subjects
b) Humanities and languages
c) Only vocational subjects
d) Traditional subjects only

37. How do pragmatists view the role of the student?
a) Passive recipient of knowledge
b) Active participant in learning
c) Observer of the educational process
d) Conduit for societal values

38. What is the primary goal of education according to naturalism?
a) Economic success
b) Social conformity
c) Holistic development of the child
d) Preservation of tradition

39. Which method of teaching is consistent with naturalism?
a) Rote memorization
b) Experimental inquiry
c) Passive listening
d) Teacher-centered instruction

40. How do naturalists view the role of the student in education?
a) Passive recipient of knowledge
b) Active participant in learning
c) Observer of the educational process
d) Conduit for societal values

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