3. What type of device is a touchscreen considered?
A. Output only
B. Input only
C. Both input and output
D. Neither input nor output
Answer: C. Both input and output

4. Which of the following is typically used to enter text into a computer?
A. Scanner
B. Printer
C. Keyboard
D. Speaker
Answer: C. Keyboard

5. Which device is likely to be used by an architect to input detailed drawings into a PC?
A. Mouse
B. Digital Camera
C. Graphics Tablet
D. Joystick
Answer: C. Graphics Tablet

6. Which of the following devices is commonly used to input handwriting or drawings into a computer system?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Graphics tablet
D. Scanner
Answer: C. Graphics tablet

7. Which input device is primarily used for capturing images or documents and converting them into digital format?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Scanner
D. Printer
Answer: C. Scanner

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8. What input device is specifically designed for capturing audio input and transmitting it to a computer system?
A. Microphone
B. Keyboard
C. Mouse
D. Joystick
Answer: A. Microphone

9. Which input device is used to detect motion and translate it into cursor movement on a computer screen?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Scanner
D. Touchpad
Answer: B. Mouse

10. What device is used for entering numeric data or commands into a computer system?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Scanner
D. Numeric keypad
Answer: D. Numeric keypad

11.Which of these devices is NOT an example of an input device?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Plotter
D. Scanner
The answer is C.A plotter is an output device that creates hard copy output.

12.Which of these devices is NOT an example of an output device?
A. Printer
B. Monitor
C. Keyboard
D. Scanner
The answer is C.A keyboard is an input device that allows users to enter data into a computer.

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13.Which of these devices is NOT an example of a storage device?
A. Hard drive
B. CD-ROM
C. Flash drive
D. Printer
The answer is D.A printer is an output device that creates hard copy output.

14.Which of these devices is NOT an example of a network device?
A. Modem
B. Router
C. Switch
D. Keyboard
The answer is D.A keyboard is an input device that allows users to enter data into a computer.

15.Which of these devices is NOT an example of a peripheral device?
A. Printer
B. Monitor
C. Keyboard
D. CPU
The answer is D. The CPU is an integral part of the computer and is not considered a peripheral device.

16. What does the conceptual schema of a database describe?
A. The way data is stored on disk
B. The logical structure of the entire database
C. The different user views of the database
D. The hardware part of the database system
Answer: B. The logical structure of the entire database

17. Which schema describes the physical storage of data in a database?
A. External schema
B. Conceptual schema
C. Physical schema
D. Logical schema
Answer: C. Physical schema

18. In database architecture, what is the role of the internal schema?
A. To present various users with their own views of the database
B. To define the logical structure of the database
C. To manage the data storage and access paths
D. To define relationships between tables
Answer: C. To manage the data storage and access paths

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19. The process of defining a database so that it faithfully represents all aspects of the organization is called:
A. Normalization
B. Data Mapping
C. Data Definition
D. Data Modeling
Answer: D. Data Modeling

20. Which of the following best describes a sub-schema?
A. A blueprint of the physical storage of data
B. A specialized view of certain aspects of the database for a user
C. The overall logical view of the entire database
D. A schema that describes how data is distributed across a network
Answer: B. A specialized view of certain aspects of the database for a user

21. In the context of computer crime, what does the term “payload” typically refer to?
A. The money a criminal receives from extortion or other computer crimes.
B. The amount of data loss to a company or individual who is a victim of a computer crime.
C. The destructive event or prank the program is intended to deliver.
D. The financial burden a computer crime places on its victims.
Answer: C. The destructive event or prank the program is intended to deliver.

22. When a hacker talks about the payload of a virus, what are they usually referring to?
A. The ransom demanded after infecting a system.
B. The extent of damage inflicted on the victim’s data.
C. The specific action the virus will perform, such as deleting files or stealing information.
D. The financial losses incurred by the victim due to the attack.
Answer: C. The specific action the virus will perform, such as deleting files or stealing information.

23. What distinguishes the payload of a malware attack from other components of the attack?
A. It is the method used to deliver the malware to the victim’s system.
B. It is the encryption method used to obfuscate the malware code.
C. It is the malicious action or effect triggered by the malware.
D. It is the network protocol used for communication between the malware and its operator.
Answer: C. It is the malicious action or effect triggered by the malware.

24. When discussing cybersecurity, what role does understanding the payload of a potential threat play?
A. It helps in determining the origin of the attack.
B. It aids in identifying potential vulnerabilities in the target system.
C. It assists in assessing the potential impact of the attack on the target system.
D. It facilitates the decryption of encrypted data during an attack.
Answer: C. It assists in assessing the potential impact of the attack on the target system.

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25. Which term is commonly associated with the payload of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack?
A. The volume of traffic generated by the attack.
B. The method used to hijack legitimate user credentials.
C. The duration of the attack.
D. The monetary demand made by the attackers.
Answer: A. The volume of traffic generated by the attack.

26. What is the purpose of a Trojan horse in the context of computer security?
A. To replicate itself and spread to other computers
B. To detect and remove viruses from the computer
C. To disguise itself as a legitimate program to deliver a malicious payload
D. To encrypt files and demand a ransom for their release
Answer: C. To disguise itself as a legitimate program to deliver a malicious payload

27. Phishing is a technique used by criminals to:
A. Create a physical barrier to unauthorized access to a computer system
B. Infect computers with malware that damages system functionality
C. Trick people into providing sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity
D. Steal software by physically removing it from an unsecured location
Answer: C. Trick people into providing sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity

28. What does the term “ransomware” refer to?
A. Software that demands a ransom to prevent the publication of personal data
B. A network that protects personal data from unauthorized access
C. A method of securely encrypting data to protect it from theft
D. Malware that encrypts files on the victim’s device and demands payment for their decryption
Answer: D. Malware that encrypts files on the victim’s device and demands payment for their decryption

29. What is a zero-day exploit?
A. A virus that can be eradicated within 24 hours
B. A vulnerability that is exploited before the software creator is aware of it
C. A cybersecurity threat that occurs every day
D. A malware attack that deletes itself after payload delivery
Answer: B. A vulnerability that is exploited before the software creator is aware of it

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30. Which term describes software that is specifically designed to detect, stop, and remove viruses and other kinds of malware?
A. Firewall
B. Antivirus
C. Adware
D. Freeware
Answer: B. Antivirus

31. Which component stores data in a non-volatile manner, retaining the data even when the computer is turned off?
A. RAM (Random Access Memory)
B. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
C. HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
D. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
The answer is C. HDDs store data in a non-volatile manner, which means that the data is retained even when the computer is turned off. RAMs, on the other hand, store data in a volatile manner, which means that the data is lost when the computer is turned off.

32. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
A. RAM is volatile, while ROM is non-volatile.
B. RAM is non-volatile, while ROM is volatile.
C. RAM is expensive, while ROM is cheap.
D. RAM is cheap, while ROM is expensive.
The answer is A. RAM is volatile, which means that the data is lost when the computer is turned off. ROM is non-volatile, which means that the data is retained even when the computer is turned off.

33. What is the difference between a hard disk drive and a solid-state drive?
A. A hard disk drive uses a spinning disk to store data, while a solid-state drive uses flash memory.
B. A hard disk drive uses flash memory to store data, while a solid-state drive uses a spinning disk.
C. A hard disk drive is more expensive than a solid-state drive.
D. A hard disk drive is less expensive than a solid-state drive.
The answer is A. A hard disk drive uses a spinning disk to store data, while a solid-state drive uses flash memory.

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34. What is the difference between a CPU and an APU?
A. A CPU is more powerful than an APU.
B. An APU is more powerful than a CPU.
C. A CPU is more expensive than an APU.
D. An APU is more expensive than a CPU.
The answer is B. An APU is more powerful than a CPU because it combines the CPU and GPU into one chip.

35. What is the difference between a laptop and desktop computer?
A. A laptop is more portable than a desktop computer.
B. A desktop computer is more portable than a laptop computer.
C. A laptop is more powerful than a desktop computer.
D. A desktop computer is more powerful than a laptop computer.
The answer is A. A laptop is more portable than a desktop computer because it can be easily carried around.

36. Which operating system is known for using the Command Prompt as its default command-line interface?
A. Windows
B. MacOS
C. Linux
D. iOS
Answer: A. Windows

37. The Terminal in MacOS is based on which type of shell by default?
A. Bash
B. PowerShell
C. Zsh (Z shell)
D. Command Prompt
Answer: C. Zsh (Z shell)

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38. What is the primary purpose of an operating system (OS)?
A. To manage the computer’s hardware and software resources
B. To provide security against cyber threats
C. To enhance the graphical user interface (GUI) only
D. To increase the processing speed of the CPU
Answer: A. To manage the computer’s hardware and software resources

39. Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?
A. Managing memory and processes
B. Facilitating networking
C. Designing graphical elements
D. Managing files and directories
Answer: C. Designing graphical elements

40. PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework, which is part of which operating system family?
A. Linux
B. Windows
C. MacOS
D. Android
Answer: B. Windows

41. Which shell is commonly associated with the command-line interface in Unix-like operating systems?
A. Bash
B. PowerShell
C. Command Prompt
D. Zsh
Answer: A. Bash

42. In Linux systems, what file is typically used to configure the behavior of the Bash shell for each user?
A. .bashprofile
B. .bashconfig
C. .bashrc
D. .bashsettings
Answer: C. .bashrc

43. Which command is used to list the contents of a directory in the Bash shell?
A. dir
B. ls
C. list
D. show
Answer: B. ls

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44. What command is used to navigate to the parent directory in the Bash shell?
A. up
B. back
C. cd ..
D. cd /
Answer: C. cd ..

45. Which keyboard shortcut is commonly used to clear the terminal screen in the Bash shell?
A. Ctrl + L
B. Ctrl + C
C. Ctrl + D
D. Ctrl + Shift + C
Answer: A. Ctrl + L

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