What is affirmation of life?
ANS: Affirmation of life simply means traditional African religion. Before the coming of Christianity or Islam the indigenous African knew of the existence of God. He Akans called Him ‘Nyame’ the Ewes called Him ‘Mawu’. All indigenous African knew of God as the Supreme God lives in the third heaven and is noi represented in
any likeness on earth.

b. Write any four (4) attributes of God and explain them.
ANS:
God is good
God is comforter
ill. God is a giver of life
iv. God never sleeps
God blesses us.

c) How does the traditional African See Work?
ANS: In traditional African, deep down in our villages where the people have not been çorrupted by western or European standards, work is regarded as an integral part of life. It is neither defined by time into periods of work, nor is not divorced from everyday life and categorized as ‘job’. Work takes places everywhere (inside and outside the home) and any time during working hours. Whether hunting, fishing, herding, gathering or farming, one is engaged in work. Teaching, counseling, judicial hearing, governance, trading, healing are all work. The preparations of festivities and rituals are also work. Work like the affirmation of life in ever present and everywhere in the community.

You must take note of other essential characteristics of work for the traditional African. It is its communal nature. It is carried out with others and for the benefit if the whole community. Work implies sharing the labour and the resultant form it. Through work one comes to know the meaning of caring since it presents community members with opportunities for learning, understanding and practicing generosity. A real example is in traditional Akan society there is a system called ‘NNOBOA* This underscores the communal nature of work. During the farming season, a farmer who wants to clear the land would call others to help. He provides food and drinks. This goes on rotational basis until all the farmers have cleared their plots. The same thing is repeated during planting and harvesting of maize or other cereals.

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QUESTION TWO

a) What is education according to Burns and Bruner’s definition?
ANS: To Burns and Bruner education refers to the process of deliberately transmitting the arts and science and fostering contributions to them.

b) State and explain the forms of education.
ANS:1 Formal education
2 Informal education
3. Non- formal

1 Formal education
Schools are involved in formal education. In such a school, there is professional
leacher: there are definite structures as to the times of meeting.
2. Informal Education
The second form of education in informal education. Some people call this home
education. It is that type of education given us by our parents at home. It has no structure in terms of time. It takes place at any time of the day. There is no professional teacher. The parents, the elder brothers and the whole extended family are the teachers.

3.Non-formal Formal
It is a system where people who have had informal education are brought up under formal conditions to update their knowledge and skills. It is a kind of in – service education. For example traditional birth attendants can have a non- formal training session to learn a few things to improve their skills.

c) Identify the main functions of education in the society and explain any one them
ANS: the main functions of education are;
1. Socialization
2. Economic function
3. Political function of education
4. Education as an agent of change.

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Socialization
This is the function through which education tries to make the young children acquire culture, language and the norms of the society. An example of norms is that in Akan society a child cannot point to something to an adult with the left hand.
il. Economic Function of Education
Do you know that even parents who are regarded as very poor try to mobilize the resources they have to send their children to school? Do you also know that pod countries, like ours devote a large chunk of the national budget each year to education? Why do individual families and countries do this? Families believe with good education their children will obtain good jobs with good salaries. believe that they will be able to get competent workers from educated citizenry constitute the economic function of education.
ili. Political Function of Education
Education should enable you to know your rights and responsibilities as a citizen to understand political issues, what the various political parties stand for. These are some of the political functions of education. Do you know that in the General Election, a large number of ballot papers were destroyed? Yes. This because quite a large segment of the population lacked political education
iv. Education as an agent of change
One important function of education is to bring about change in the society. will get to know later there is sometimes a conflict between formal education ; informal education because of this function education is supposed to perform education emphasize the change function or the conservatives function? You will
discuss this fully when you come to look at the importance of education for national development in section 3 of this unit.

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QUESTION THREE

What is the definition of philosophy?
ANS:
Philosophy is in systematic way of analyzing issues to discover the underlying assumptions and beliefs. In this way, philosophy is always present whatever through thought grow conscious of their existence
Ezensu (2001) defines philosophy as a process an activity undertaken by the
individual to find the basis of his benefits or assumptions.

b. Explain the nature of philosophy.
ANS:
Philosophy can be used to locate issues in dispute and help to clarify them. In short philosophy consists of concepts and ideas in an attempt to cut through slogans to genuine issues and problems.
Philosophy can be usefully employed it the quest for wisdom
Philosophy helps us to understand the nature and history of our civilization
Philosophical ideas have a direct relevance to present – day religious, social and
political movements.

c. State three (3) uses of philosophy.

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Philosophy can be used to locate issues in dispute and help to clarify them. In short philosophy consists of concepts and ideas in an attempt to cut through slogans to genuine issues and problems
Philosophy can be usefully employed it the quest for wisdom
Philosophy helps us to understand the nature and history of our civilization
Philosophical ideas have a direct relevance to present – day religious, social and political movements.

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a. Justify the roots of pragmatism.

ANS: Pragmatism is essentially an American Philosophical movement that came into Prominence during the last one hundred (100) years. The philosophers include; Charles Sanden Pierce (1839- 1914), William James (1842 – 1910) John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
As a movement, pragmatism was founded for the purpose of bridging the gap between two opposing tendencies: Idealist traditions in Europe on one hand and the sterile philosophical traditions of American Colleges. The pragmatists felt their method and theory could be of great utility in solving intellectual problems and in pushing forward man’s progress. Dewey’s contribution to pragmatist movement was most
central. Pragmatism is variously referred to as Empiricism, Experimentalism and instrumentalism.

b) What is the purpose of pragmatism?
ANS: The pragmatist believes that values are not extremely fixed qualities in some objects nor do they have divine origin. Values are thought to be man or social centered. To the pragmatist, something is valuable if it meets the interests, needs and aspiration of man or society. Nevertheless, values come form reflective deliberations This means we must use our intelligence to determine what is desirable taking into account the overall consequences.
This means each generation can make new values and get solutions to deals with ne» problems. Dewey an exponent of pragmatism finds ‘growth “to be the basis of all ethics and thinks whatever contributes to growth is good. The pragmatist’s Views about beauty (art) is simply what we find beautiful in our own experience, what has the power to move us and to make us feel deeply about something,

c) List the two (2) major points that form the basic of the concept of pragmatic metaphysics.

Pragmatists reject the distinction between the mind and matter as two spate
independent substances. They believe that mind and matter are not separate and
independent substances. They argue that people known about matter only as these
experience it and reflect upon that experience with their minds

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QUESTIONS FIVE

Discuss the idealist position on the following:
a) Metaphysics
To the idealist, the nature of the universe is the mind. It is an idea that the university has two components. The sensory aspect which is the part of life opens to epidemic sensory exploration that can be verified. They call it the world of illusion. The other component is the real world, which lies beyond the sensory world and only be reached through the mind, hence they call it the world of ideas. Thus, the world of the mind focuses on ideas. The idealist thinks world of ideas is real and permanent but those things we see, feel and experience are really illusory and temporary or just a reflection. Plato makes this clear in his ‘allegory of the cave sum, by the allegory, Plato is suggesting that majority of mankind lives in the world of senses, the cave, For Plato; our senses are not the ultimate of reality but only world shadows and images of the ‘real’ world. The genuine real world is the wo
pure ideas which is beyond the world of senses. We come into contact with the ultimate real world through the intellect (mind).
The idealist asserts that ideas come before material objects. For example, construction of a simple things such as table. The “idea’ of a table must exist in somebody’s before he can construct it. Hence the metaphysics of idealism can simply be define as the world of mind.
The idealist also believes that the mind and the body are made of different matters are separate things.
b). Epistemology
The idealist’s position on knowledge and truth is that there is an ideal or university truth which man can find. They think that the truth exist and is independent of master knowledge of it. They assert that to know something of the real world, we do not have to use Our senses but rather to depend only on the use of our mind (intellect)
To the idealist, knowing the universal truth is simply a sort of remembering the forms already in the man in the form of ideas. The idealist takes a rationalist app to the problems of knowledge and truth and depends largely on deductive logic the use of deductive logic, idealist also tries to find in the universe the general principles that can be called universal truths. Their pre – occupations to develop system of truth that has internal and logical consistency. They assert that when something is true, it is in harmony with the nature of the universe. Things that don’t fit into the ideal structure of the universe are false and must be rejected. To the idealist truth inherits in the very nature of the universe. Truth is largely independent of experience. Hence ultimate knowledge is not gained by empirical means but basically various methods such as intuition, revelation and rationalization
c) Axiology
ANS: Axiology deals with values. The idealist believes that good life is living in harmony with the universe. They believe that absolute or ideals or God is the person or ethical of all things and thus ethical Behaviour and morality lie in the imitation absolute self. They think that man’s conduct is most moral if it is accordance Wi ideal and universe Moral law which we can do recognize. Society ensures this by appointing teachers and Ministers of religion to instruct clarify and inform us as how to behave in accordance with the Universal Moral The idealists conceive of aesthetic or beauty as the approximation of the ideal. They believe that a beautiful thing in form reflects the logic and order of the universe of nature. The idealist sees painting as a work of enjoyment ranging form “imitation of nature” to the most abstract. Most of them think Music is the highest form of aesthete
Creation since it does not represent anything in the existing world, but instead cut across to the heart of the Absolute.

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OUESTION SIX

Discuss two (2) major improvements in education at the basic and introduced by the educational reform review committee of 2001.
ANS: The current structure of basic education which comprises primary and J.S.S. has been found to be inadequate to equip young people in Ghana with basic reading, writing and numeracy skills that these young people need for further training at the secondary level. This level of education also does equip young people with the practical skills for the world of work as promised in the previous reforms. Government decided to carry out a radical reform of the whole educational system including the basic level. Government has decided to introduce a new universal and continuous basic education programme for all children for age 4 to 15. This decision
will create a universal compulsory basic education system comprising:
2 yeas of kindergarten
6 years of primary and
The first 3 years of high school (Junior High School)

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Kindergarten
Government recognizes the crucial role that pre- school education plays in the formative years of the child. Government has decided that kindergarten education should become part of universal free compulsory basic education structure Government will provide resources to support the expansion of kindergarten facilities
by District Assemblies, Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs), Churches and communities among others.
Primary school
It has been proposed that fewer subjects will be taught at the primary level. This will enable each pupil’s grounding in the basic skills required for entry into Junior High to be improved. Emphasis at this stage should be on literacy, numeracy and problem solving skills. Creative arts comprising arts and crafts, music and dance, physical education and I.C.T. should be taught as practical and creative activities.
ill. Junior High School
Junior high school education is to last three years. It would be able to properly equip students to move into diversified system of Senior High Schools which comprises options in vocational, technical, agricultural and general education. To enable students form this level to have access to various Senior High School options, they
will have to sit for externally supervised examinations in the core subjects of English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and Ghanaian Language. Students will be assisted to follow professionally – run programmes of assessment am guidance and counseling to cable them select courses based on their interests aptitudes and ability, whether these are in general, and technical, vocational or agricultural streams of Senior High School.

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QUESTION SEVEN

Explain the following terms:
Education
ANS: To Burns and Bruner education refers to the process of deliberately transmit arts and science and fostering contributing to them. -Demey says education process of re- arranging the environment for the learner to acquire knowledge himself.
IL. Philosophy
ANS: Philosophy is a systematic way of analyzing issues lo discover the understanding assumptions and beliefs. In this way, philosophy is always present whatever through thought grow conscious of their existence.
Ezensu (2001) defines philosophy as a process an activity undertaken individual to find the basis of his benefits or assumptions.
b) Clearly explain how education performs the following functions in society:
i. Economic function
ANS: Do you know that even parents who are regarded as very poor try to mobilize few resources they have to send their children to school? Do you also know that countries, like ours devote a large chunk of the national budget each year to education? Why do individual families and countries do this? Families believe with good education their children will obtain good jobs with good salaries. Countries believe that they will be able to get competent workers from educated citizen constitute the economic function of education.
i. Political Function
ANS: Education should enable you to know your rights and responsibilities as a and to understand political issues, what the various political parties stand for, example. These are some of the political functions of education. Do you know the 2004 General Election, a large number of ballot papers were destroyed? Yours
is because quite a large segment of the population lacked political education
in). Agent of change function
ANS: Formal education Schools are involved in formal education. In such a school, there is profession
teacher: these are a definite structure as to the times of meeting.
Informal Education
The second form of education in informal education. Some people call this has education. It is that type of education given us by our parents at home. it has structure in terms of time. It makes place at any time of the day. There is no professional teacher. The parents, the elder brothers and the whole extended are the leachers.
Normal Formal
It is a system where people who have had informal education are brought you formal conditions to update their knowledge and skills. It is a kind of in – service education. For example traditional birth attendants can have a non- formal training session to learn a few things to improve their skills. So you see we have three of education.

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QUESTION EIGHT

3) What is the Curriculum?
ANS: Curriculum is every complete scheme of education which comprises certain courses and activities that help achieve the educational aims.

b) How does a society’s philosophy influence curriculum formulation and implementation
A.NS: The philosophy held by the society determines the educationalists. The education aims determine the curriculum of the school system. This is because the society’s philosophy determines what should be taught in the schools. That is the curriculum just as an individual’s life is influenced by the philosophy he holds. Curriculum is designed in terms of the philosophy of the society.

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QUESTION NINE

A) Explain any five principles underlying the Accelerated Development plan of 1961

A six-year basic primary course for all children at public expense; primary school re to be abolished as from January I*, 1952.
Infant-junior schools were to be known as primary schools. Senior primary schools were to be known as middle schools, and were to be regarded as part of the post primary system.
Facilities for the training of teachers were to be increased by the addition of ten new colleges and the expansion of the six existing ones.
Additional day secondary schools were to be provided and certain non-assisted secondary school were to be assisted.
Four secondary-technical schools were provided, and the conversion of the Government Technical School Takoradi was to be converted to secondary-technical Technical institutes were to be established at Tarkwa, Accra, Kumasi and Secondi-Takoradi.
All teachers in training, except those possessing a school certificate, were to lake the certificate B course. Entry to certificate A course was to be made from among certificate B teachers who had taught for a period.
The number of middle schools in the Northern Territories was to be increased as quickly as possible, and more teachers were to be provided. A new training college was to be opened at Pusiga. The number of primary schools in the North was to be increased as teachers became available.
The salaries of teachers, trained and untrained, were to be review. It was proposed that in future all teachers in training would be treated as if they were on study leave, and would draw the salaries they would have received if they had been teaching in a school.
Considerable increases in scholarships to secondary, technical and trade schools were
recommended.

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b) Explain the reasons for establishing the Ghana Education Trust.
The Accelerated Development plan of 1951 resulted in the provision of half a million primary school place. This meant that the number of potential secondary school entrants would increase. The Government of Ghana needed to be self- sufficient in the b provision of secondary school graduates and about 4 percent of each generation should enter secondary schools. As a result of this plan, the government decided increase the annual intake into secondary schools from about 2,500 m 1958 to about 6,000 in 1964. The main instrument by which this was to be done was Ghana Education Trust (GET).
The Ghana Education Trust was founded by the Prime Minister shortly after independence. However, its roots was traced back to 1948 when with a partly sum of

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1.The process of helping young children to become acceptable members in the society is

a) Modernization

b) Socialization

c) Introduction

d) Conservation

2. This branch of philosophy has the view that the stars, the moon and the tress have spirit in them…….

a) Epistemology

b) Ethics

c) Metaphysics

d) Axiology

3.This w

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ord is usually associated with beauty.

a) Metaphysics

b) Epistemology

c) Aesthetic

d) Axiology

4.The aim of education includes the following EXCEPT

a) Immediate aim

b) Proximate aim

c) Ultimate aim

d) Axiology

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5. Which of the following statements is NOT trig about freedom?

a) Negative and positive freedoms are related

b) Freedom is absolute

c) Freedom goes with responsibility

d) Negative freedom is not totally bad

6.The myth about the Akans on how God went far away from man describes the Akans belief about.

a) Affirmation of life

b) Creation

c) Many gods

d) Work

7. In the indigenous traditional set up, moral education took the form of

a) Character training

b) Spiritual training

c) Social training

d) Vocational training

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8 The first Education Act after Independence was in.

a) 1961

b) 1969

c) 2004

d) 2008

9. Some of the things a chief learns during training include

i. State drumming and drum language

ii. Dancing to drum music

Ill. Arguing in public

IV. Speaking like a chief

a) I and Il only

b) ll and Ill only

c) il, Ill and IV.

d) I, ll and IV only

10. One of the essential criteria for selecting a chief is that he must be a…….

a) Heir

b) Landlord

c) Strong man

d) Giant

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11. A philosophical position which accepts the notion that “Nature” is the sum total of reality……….

a) Naturalism

b) Spiritualism

c) Supernaturalism

d) Idealism

12. “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”. This statement was made by

a) Dewey

b) Comenius

c) Froebel

d) Rousseau

13. Philosophical position which holds the view that nothing exists except in the mind of man, the mind of God or the supernatural realm is

a) Idealism.

b) Realism

c) Pragmatism

d) Communism

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14. The sensory aspect of the universe describes the world as the

a) World of illusion

b) Real World

c) World of ideas

d) World of concepts

15. The idealist notion of method of teaching consists of the use of

I Lectures

II Discussion

Ill. Imitation

a) I only

b) Il only

c) Il and Ill only

d) Il and Ill only

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16. Which of the following function of education is often a source of controversy between formal and informal education?

a) The political function

b) The socialization functions

c) The agent of change function

d) The economic function

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17. When people talk of the three forms of education, they refer to the following, except

a) Vocational education

b) Formal education

c) Informal education

d) Non-formal education

18. When education helps people to realize their rights and responsibilities, education is performing its.

a) Economic function

b) Political function

c) Socialization function

d) Selection function

19. Helping to find rational answers to issues is the role of ……….

a) Philosophy

b) Epistemology

c) Axiology

d) Education

20. How a teacher imparts knowledge to his children is NOT directly influenced by the

a) Philosophy he holds

b) Examination system in the state

c) Availability of educational resources

d) Political part he belongs

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21 Which branch of philosophy concerns itself with the theory of reality?

a) Epistemology

b) Metaphysics

c) Axiology

d) Intuition

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22. Philosophy can simple be defined as the ………..

a) Study of how man makes ends meet

b) Study of social group and how they interact

c) Process of analysing issues buy asking valid questions

d) Process of passing judgement on events

23. According to the naturalistic theory of ethics, what is good or bad is determined by how an action or event.

a) Serves societies purposes.

b) Makes people think objectively

c) Serve the interest of the ruling family

d) Directs teachers on the methods to use

24. Which of the following methods will be employed by a teacher whose view about teaching is cast in the traditional mode?

a) Small group discussion

b) Problem solving

c) Discovery

d) Expository

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25. Which of the following is NOT a principle in the modern conception of teaching?

a) All pupils benefit equally from the educational system

b) Every child learns at his/her own pace

c) Learning can take place in a variety of context

d) Teaching focuses on the pupils’ current experience

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26. Just as teaching and learning are seen as opposite sides of the same coin, so are .

a) Education and schools

b) Ethics and axiology

c) Freedom and responsibility.

d) Personality and behaviour

27. Ultimate aims of education are supposed to be achieved when one …….

a) Has completed primary education

b) Has learnt a particular subject well

c) Has passed through the entire educational system

d) Acquires secondary education

28. When a teacher states that by the end of this lesson pupils will be able to write 1, 2, 3 an 4 clearly, the teacher is expressing … ….

a) Ultimate aim of education

b) Immediate aim of education

c) Proximate aim of education

d) intermediate aim or education

29. Proximate aim of education relate to ………..

a) The subjects in the curriculum/

b) Levels in the education system

c) The whole educational system

d) What is achieved in a particular lesson?

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30. One’s attitude to life, his environment and to people in general constitute one’s

a) Culture

b) Preferences

c) Philosophy

d) Ideas

31. Which of the following has this as the definition of education? Education is the process to bring up a child.

a) Dewey

b) Burns and Bruner

c) Bruner and Dewey

d) Gzenwu

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32. Which for of education is this? It is a system where people who have had informal education are brought up under formal conditions to update their knowledge and skills?

a) Informal education

b) Formal education

c) Non-formal education

d) Education formal

33. Which function of education is this? “Very poor countries like ours devote a large chunk of the national budget each year to education”

a) Political function

b) Socialization

c) Economic function

d) Education as an agent of change

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34. The following are uses of philosophy except..

a) Philosophical ideas have a direct relevance to present day religious, social and political movements

b) Philosophy is more like designing and constructing your own house than in buying a dwelling already made

c) Philosophy can be usefully employed in the quest for wisdom

d) Philosophy helps to understand the nature and history of our civilization

35. The following are the categories of ethical theories except……………………..

a) Indigenous society theory of ethics

b) Intuitive theory of ethics

c) The naturalistic theory of ethics

d) Emotive theory of ethics

36. Which of the following best describes this? They point out what is true or what is good and can be seen objectively by observing the relationships or properties in the situation.

a) Naturalistic theory

b) Emotive theory

c) Indigenous theory

d) Society theory

37. According to this theory what is good or bad is determined by the society to serve social purposes.

a) Instrumental theory

b) Emotive theory intuitive theory

c) Intuitive theory

d) Instrumental theory

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38. Which theory of ethics speaks of the good or badness, the rightness or wrongness al a situation being determined by an individual’s attitude towards the action or event*

a) Instrumental theory

b) Emotive theory intuitive theory

c) Intuitive theory

d) Instrumental theory

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39. The following are levels of educational aims except

Immediate aims

Proximate aims

Ultimate aims

Long term aims

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40. Which of the following form the curriculum?

a) Courses and activities

b) Activities and textbooks

c) Textbooks and handbooks

d) Courses and textbooks_

41. Affirmation of life simple means.

a) Christian religion

b) Islamic religion

c) Buddhism

d) Traditional African religion

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42. All the following are not the needs of the society except

a) The society should be self-sufficient

b) The type of education that should be given

c) Producing all the food they need.

d) To increase in population

43. After training the young men and women, they were initiated to signify ….

a) The right character

b) The virtures for the aged

c) Their transition from childhood to adulthood

d) The importance of culture

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44. The following suggest why crafts are localized in certain areas of Ghana except…..

a) Occurrence of the necessary raw material

b) Natural gifs and personal inclination of people

c) Social and political cohesion

d) Economists see those places very vibrant

45. All the following are what a hunter learns from the master except … . ….

a) Knowing the sounds of different wind

b) Use of the gun as the first step

c) Acquiring knowledge of edible fruits

d) To predict the movement of the game

46. The following are what a chief can learn from the senior chiefs except……….

a) State drumming and drum language

b) Controlling his passions before his elders

c) Learning orthodox and charismatic doctrines

d) Being conversant with customs and traditions

RECOMMENDATION

47. The indigenous tradition system of education emphasized …

a) Virtue and skill

b) Morality and character training

c) Skill and character

d) Respect and responsibility

48. All the following are advantages of indigenous system of education except

a) Providing skills for the future

b) Building community awareness

c) Moral training

d) Skill for the present, past and future

49. One weakness of the traditional system was the

a) For-going of communal spirit

b) Individual see himself as a member of a community

c) Individual’s own personality development was submerged

d) Entirely rule out of the persons development

50. The following are what educational system do not fail to develop except

a) To develop character

b) Inculcate respect for elders

c) Develop the individual’s leadership skill

d) Develop the individual’s intellectual skill

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51. Basically to the idealist, learning is the exercise of the.

a) Body

b) Experience

c) Heart

d) Mind

RECOMMENDATION

52. To the naturalist, the following are subjects under the curriculum except.

a) Language

b) Art

c) Political science

d) Social studies

53. The methods of teaching in the naturalist curriculum include the following except.

a) Personal observations

b) Sensory experience

c) Trial and error

d) Lecture

54. Which of the following is the idealists position on knowledge and truth?

a) There is no truth which man can find

b) There is a universal truth which man can find

c) The truth is faked in the universe

d) Truth can be seen with some people

55. Which of the following is the understanding of deductive logic?

a) Reasoning from specific to genital position

b) It is an attempt to study the problems of truth

c) Reasoning from general to the more specific position

d) Reasoning not in chronological order

56. The idealist pre-occupation is to …

a) Develop a system of truth

b) Develop a sense of humility

c) Final principles to the truth

d) Be in harmony in the universe

57. Things that do not fit into the ideal structure are …

a) True and should not be welcomed

b) Half true and half false

c) False and must be welcomed

d) False and must be rejected

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58. Which of the following is not a method to gain knowledge?

a) Intuition

b) Realization

c) Revelation

d) Rationalization

RECOMMENDATION

59. The idealist believes that good life is living in ……….

a) One’s values

b) Harmony

c) Abundant resources

d) Society that is very welcoming

60. Idealism is comparable with religion in the sense that they believe in…

a) Word

b) Human kind

c) The spirit

d) God

61. Which of the following theorists defines education as “the process of re arranging the environment for the learner to acquire knowledge’?

a) J. J. Rosseau

b) John Locke

c) Jean Piaget

d) John Dewey

62. The three forms of education identified by education theorists induced the following except …

a) Basic Education

b) Formal Education

c) Information Education

d) Non-Formal Education

63. The type of education which is given to us by our parents even before we start schooling is referred to as ………..

a) Basic Education

b) Informal Education

c) Non-Formal Education

d) Formal Education

64. Adult literacy programmes are examples of ……….

a) Formal Education

b) Higher Education

c) Non-Formal Education

d) Informal Education

RECOMMENDATION

65. The process through which the young children in a society acquire the culture, language

and norms of the society is referred to as

a) Circumcision

b) Socialization

c) Registration

d) Politicization

66. Which of the following is not one of the fundamental questions of philosophy?

a) What is mar?

b) Who made man?

c) What is the difference between an educated and uneducated man?

d) Does man have a soul?

67. Who can philosophies?

a) Only educated people

b) Only professors of philosophy

c) Only students and professors of philosophy

d) Anybody at all

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68. The following statements about philosophy are true except………….

a) Philosophy can be used to locate issues in dispute and help to clarity them

b) Philosophy can be usefully employed in the quest for wisdom

c) Philosophy helps us to understand the nature and history of our civilization

d) Philosophy is against religious beliefs

	COLUMN I	COLUMN II
109	Naturalism	a) The search for knowledge which is based on truth and meaning and the truth can be known practical results.
110	Idealism	b) There is a natural order in the universe independent of our wished, feelings or desires.
111	Realism	c) There is the view that the interpretation of the word is given to us by natural science and that reality consist of natural world
112	Pragmatism	d) There is the view that nothing exist in mind of the minds of God or in the supernatural realm

ANSWERS FOR QUESTION 1 – 150

1. B
2. C
3 C
4 D
5 D
6 B
7 A
8 A
9 C
10. A
l1. A
12
13. A
14 A
15 D
16. C
17. A
18 B
19 A
20. A
21. B
22 C
23 A
24
25. B
26. C
27. C
28. B
29. A
30. C

31.B
32. C
33. C
34. B
35. A
36 D
37. A
38. B
39. D
40. A
41. D
42. A
43. C
44D
45. A
46. C
47. D
48 D
49. C
50 B
51. B
52. A
53. C
54. B
55. A
56. D
57. D
58. C
59. B
60. C

61. D
62. A
63. B
64. C
6S. B
66. C
67. D
68. D
69. B
70. B
71. A
12. C
73. A
74. B
75. C
76. D
77. B
78. B
79. A
80. D
81. D
82. B
83. D
84. C
85. B
86. A
87 C
SS. A
89 C
90.

91 B
92. A
03. D•
94 B
95 A
96. D
97. Trie
98. A
99 D
100. D
101 C
102. C
103. D
104. A
105. B
106. B
107. A
-108. C
109. B
110. D

112. A
113 B
114 D
115. C
116 C
117 B
118 A
119 B
120. D

Who can philosophise?
a. Only educated people
b. Only professors of philosophy
c. Only students and professors of philosophy
d. Any body at all
The following statements about philosophy are true except.
a. Philosophy can be used to locate issues in dispute and help to clarity them
b. Philosophy can be usefully employed in the quest for wisdom
c. Philosophy helps us to understand the nature and history of our civilization
d. Philosophy is against religious beliefs
Metaphysical explanation of events focuses on
a. Scientific issues
b. Spiritual issues
c. Factual issues
d. Educational issues
Epistemology is a theory of
a. Creation
b. Knowledge
c Political issues
d. The nature of man
In philosophy deal with
a. Good and bad
b. Sources of knowledge
c Political debate
d. Creation

The three basic theories of ethics exclude one of the following.
a. Intuitive theory
b. Naturalistic theory
c. Development theory
d. Emotive theory
Which of the following statements is true about curriculum?
a. Curriculum does not include tests and examinations
b. Curriculum is not expected to change
c. Curriculum is what happens only in the classroom
d. Curriculum is designed in terms of the philosophy of the society
The traditional definition of teaching as imparting information, knowledge and skills portrays the learner as……
a. Active agent in the learning situation
b. Passive recipient of knowledge
c. Co-agent in the teaching/learning situations
d. Creator of knowledge in the teaching/learning situations
The teacher’s role as imparting knowledge promotes
a. Active learning
b. Rote learning
c. Creative learning
d. Child-centered learning
What teaching technique will a teacher with the traditional view of teaching employ in teaching / learning process?
a. The lecture method
b. The project method
c. Socratic method
d. Activity method
Which of the following is not one of the philosophical under-pinning’s of the tradition of teaching?
a. The pupil is a receptacle
b. The teacher is the possessor of knowledge
c. The teacher has knowledge about what doses of knowledge the child
d. The child is an active agent in knowledge creation needs
All the following are characteristics of modern conception of teaching except…
a. The teacher is a facilitator
b. Children learn in groups
c. The teacher assists children to learn for themselves
d. The teacher is the most important person in the teaching/learning situation
Parents have freedom in education. This includes all except
a. Freedom to choose a school, for their children
b. Freedom to withdraw children from school
c. Freedom to contribute towards the development of a school
d. Freedom to abuse teachers of their wards
Which of the following is not one of the freedoms of a teacher?
a. Freedom to select teaching methods
b. Freedom to express his/her views on school curriculum
c. Freedom to come to school or not
d. Freedom from the burden of large classes
The school child/pupil has the freedom to
a. Decide which teacher should teach him/her
b. Participate in the school life
c. Remove the head of the school
d. Incite other pupils to misbehave
Affirmation of life means
a. Life after death
b. Resurrection from death
c. African Traditional Religion
d. Punishment after death

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Which of the following is not one of the attributes of God?
a. God is human
b. God is good
c. God is a comforter
d. God is a giver of life
Which of the following statements is true of the African Society?
a. The Whites introduced us to the concepts of God
b. Africans introduced the Whites to the concepts of God
c. Before the coming of the Whites, we know the existence of God
d. Only the educated African understands the concept of God
The presidential committee on Education (2002) has established the… in Ghana
a.The purpose of education
b. The aims of education
c. The value of education
d. The rights of education
Whatever the society hopes to achieve at the tail end if education is the
a. Ultimate aim of education
b. Immediate aim of education
c. Proximate aim of education
d. Tail aim of education
If the teacher states By the end of the lesson pupils should be able to read the fi paragraph of a sentence fluently. This is an example of
a. Tail aim of education
b. Immediate aim of education
c. Proximate aim of education
d. Ultimate aim of education
If Ghana in the Presidential committee says “By the end of the end of the Prima course, pupils should haven been equipped with skills of numeracy. This is an
a. Immediate aim
b. Proximate aim
c. Ultimate aim
d. Tail aim
By the end of this course will be able to explain the causes of Yaa Asantewaa War. This is an example of
a. Immediate aim
b. Ultimate aim
c. Proximate aim
d. Tail aim
Every complete scheme of education must comprise certain courses and activities to achieve the educational aims. These courses and activities constitute the school system.
a. Contents
b. Subjects
c. Aims
d. Curriculum
Curriculum is designed in terms of the philosophy of the society.
a. True
b. False

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Imparting information, knowledge or skill to pupils is…..
of teaching
a. Traditional definition
b. Modem definition
c. Public definition
d. Private definition
In what sense is the teacher described as a dispenser of information, the knowledge.
a. Private sense
b. Public dense
c. Modern sense
d. Traditional sense
Which of these is not a problem with traditional view of teaching?
a. The pupil looks attentive and receptive
b The pupil’s mind may be wandering
c. The pupil may be simple copying the works of the teacher or of a book
d. The pupil may ask questions
The root of the term ‘education’ is derived from the Latin word:
a. Educand
b. Edupure
c. Educare
d. Edumere

Which of the following forms of education will you advocate for a traditional birth attendant who wants to update her knowledge and skills?
a. Informal education
b. Formal education
c. Non-formal education
d. Formal education.
e. None of these
From the Greek origin of word Philosophy that is ‘Philos’ and ‘Sophia’ philosophy means:
a. Love of education
b. Love of history
c. Love of science
d. Love of wisdom
Which of the following Latin term means to bring up or bring out?
a. Educare
b. Educand
c. Edumere
d. Edupere
10% One of the exponents of education defines it as a process of re-arranging the environment for the learner to acquire knowledge for himself.
a. Spencer
b. Dewey
c. Aristotle
d. Wittgenstein
The education of children which is geared towards equipping them with skills to obtain jobs constitutes one of the following functions of education?
a. Political
b. Economic
c. Social.
d. Cultural
Quite a large number of ballot papers were destroyed in 2008 elections because n people in the population of Ghana lacked.
a. Social education
b. Economic education
c. Cultural education
d. Political education
The function of education through which young children acquire the culture, lang and norms of the society is called.
a. Conceptualization
b. Education
c. Socialization
d. Politicalisation
The word Education is derived from the Latin word “educare” meaning to
a. Educate
b. Explain
c. Lead to
d. Foster
To Education refers to the process of deliberately transmitting the a and science and fostering contribution to them.
a. Socrates and Plato
b. Burns and Burner
c. Rousseau and Pestalozzi
d. Aristotle and Socrates
This is the formation through which education tries to make the younger generation acquire the culture of their society
a. Education
b. Socialization
c. Citizenship
d. Familiarization
When Philosophy is defined in terms of a principle that guides action or behaviour it becomes a
a. Process
b. Discipline
c. Strategy
d. Concept
When Philosophy is defined as asking questions about the word and finding answers to them, it becomes a ……..
a. Concepts
b. Strategy
c. Process
d. Discipline
To………Philosophy is a process, an activity undertaken by the individual to find the basis of his beliefs or assumptions.
a. Ezenwu
b. Aggrey
d. Kaunda
c. Mandela
All these are methods of Philosophy except.
a. Observation
b. Reasoning
c. Experimentation
d. Problem-solving
The study of the fundamental nature of the universe and existence and the essence of……..things is called
a. Axiology
b. Metaphysics
c. Epistemology
d. Humanism
All these are theories of Ethics except ……
a. Hedonism
b. Intuitionism
c. Emotivism
d. Naturalism
Ethics studies ……
a. Involuntary actions only
b. Both voluntary and involuntary actions
c. Voluntary actions
d. Code of Ethics

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In this method, the teacher takes the backseat and only acts as a facilitator and a ……. counselor.
a. Traditional method
b. Modern method
c. Questioning method
d. Simulation method
Teaching is a bi-polar process means teaching is
a. A one-way process
b. Bringing the subject to the learner
c. Using different strategies
d. An interactive process between the teacher and the learner.
Freedom from hunger is a ….. and freedom of speech is……
a. Negative freedom; positive freedom
b. Positive freedom; negative freedom
c. Limitation; universal
d. Might, limitation
The basis of indigenous African education is
a. European curricular programmes
b. Liberal and general education
c. African Philosophy
d. Vocational and general education
The two types of skills the indigenous society catered for were…
a. Specific and general skills
b. Manipulative and aesthetic skills
c. Specialization and specialized skills
d. Inquiry and manipulative skills
The doctrine which states that what is useful is good is referred to as
a. Humanism
b. Ultitarianism
c. Instrumentalism
d. Pan Sophism
This school of philosophy uses deductive logic to study the problems of knowledge and truth
a. Realism
b. Pragmatism
c. Naturalism
d. Idealism
The process of reasoning from a general to a more specific position is referred to as
a. Deductive logic
b. Inductive logic
c. Logical analysis
d. Inductive deductive logic

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This idealist philosopher recommended that education should be employed as a chief method of reforming both the individual’s character and the nation.
a. Socrates
b. Aristotle
c. Plato
d. Dewey
The Idealist place less emphasis on.
a. History and Humanities
b. Mathematics and Sciences
c. Latin and Greek
d. Vocational and Technical studies
To these philosophers, the usefulness, workability and practicability of ideas, policies and proposals are the criteria of their merit or value
a. Idealists
b. Pragmatists
c. Naturalists
d. Realists
Pragmatism views teachers as advisers and guides or project directors because of their
a. Experience
b. Education
c. Profession
d. Code of conduct
The roots of Realism are found in …..
a. Plato
b. Aristotle
c. Socrates
d. Comenius
Aristotle held the view that every object is made up of
a. Idea and material
b. Form and matter
c. Matter and idea
d. Idea and form
Who developed the inductive method as a scientific method?
a. John Dewey
b. John Fredrick Herbert
c. John Locke
d. Francis Bacom
Who formulated the “tabula rasa” which states that the idea is human sheet that receives impressions from the environment?
a. John Locke
b. Francis Bacon
c. John Dewey
d. John Fredrick Herbert
One of the most influential of Europe’s scholars of idealism was …….
a. J. A. Comenius
b. H. Pestalozzi
c. J. F. Herbert
d. J. G. Ficlite
With the notion of linking new information with old ideals in the mind, proposed these teaching methods;
i. Review of old materials
ii. Clean presentation of new material
iii. Formation of association
iv. Applying the new principles or concepts to solving problems in other contest
a. i and ii
b. ii and iv
c. iii and iv
d. i and iv

John Fredrick Herbert believed that a well-rounded and moral education …..an individual’s
a. Success in life
b. Growth and development
c. Moral growth and resistance to evil
d. Moral development
If students are to learn using sense experience to gather data, what type of…….you think they will be using”
a. Deductive logic
b. Inductive logic
c. Deductive-inductive logic
d. Logical analysis.
“The inner growth of our organ and physical and mental abilities that we have is the education of nature, the use we learn to make of our growth is the education of men and what we gain by our experience of our surroundings is the education of things” Who said this?
a. Rousseau
b. Pestalozzi
c. Froebel
d. Montessori
To the pragmatics the school environment should include the humanities because
a. They deal with our cultural heritage
b. They represent the social environment
c. They are not subject to error
d. They are tentative and modifiable
The opposite of naturalization is……
a. Humanism
b. Pragmatism
c. Supernaturalism
d. Realism
The Basel missionaries based their educational work on all these principles except
a. Any thorough system of education depended on the supply of trained teachers
b. Girls education is as important as that of boys
c. The individual’s training should not be confined to academic subjects alone
d. The climate of the school should be conducive for teaching and learning.
Western education came to Ghana through the ……..
a. Christian Missions
b. European slave traders
c. British government
d. Almoravids
Who is the father of modern education?
a. J.A. Cornelius
b. J.J. Rousseau
c. Plato
d. Socrates
To this philosopher, a pupil who has no appetite for learning should be put into apprenticeship to learn an occupation even if he is the son of Duke
a. Plato
b. Dewey
c. Comenius
d. Montaigne
To this philosopher, university studies should be for those with the best brains
a. Dewey
b. Comenius
c. Montaigne
d. Plato
To this philosopher, no child should be excluded from school unless he has been denied of the sense and intelligence by God
a. Dewey
b. Plato
c. Montaigne
d. Comenius
John Dewey wanted this school to provide learners with the opportunity to create their own experience to experiment, to enquire and to create and to learn on their own the direction and guidance of the teachers
a. Laboratory school
b. Democratic school
c. Experimental school
d. Modem school
The idealists rely heavily on …… to gather data whilst the realistic depends on ….to gather data.
a. Inductive logic: Deductive logic;
b. Deductive: Inductive logic;
c. Sense experience: Reasoning;
d. Reasoning: Experimentation;
Who was the father of Kindergarten?
a. Comenius
b. Pestalozzi
c. Montessori
d. Frochel

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Rousseau believed that it is possible to preserve the original nature of the children on how to
a. Through rewards and punishment
b. By a careful control of his education and environment
c. By educating the parents especially the mothers
d. By educating him in a boarding school
The focus of the indigenous traditional system of education was on
a. Vocational training
b. Socialization
c. Direct instruction by parents
d. Morality and character
Rousseau was widely regarded as the father of
a. Realism movement in education
b. Naturalism movement in education
c. Pragmatist movement in education
d. Idealism movement in education
Which philosophy holds the view that the interpretation of the world given by the natural sciences is the only satisfactory one?
a. Pan Sophism
b. Idealism
c. Naturalism
d. Utilitarianism
This philosophy asserts that the universe has intelligence and a will and all material things can be explained in terms of mind standing them
a. Idealism
b. Realism
c. Pragmatism
d. Pan Sophism
The idealist believes in….. behind the physical world whilst the Realist…….believes the whole world is
a. Form, matter
b. Mind; material
c. Spiritual essence, material
d. Matter, mind
Pragmatism is referred to as all the following except
a. Empiricism
b. Experimentalism
c. Hedonism
d. Instrumentalism
The philosophical system whose theory and practice were in the 20th century found to be more useful than all other philosophies in solving intellectual problems and promoting…….mans progress was
a. Naturalism.
b. Pragmatism
c. Realism
d. Idealism

To this philosopher, the world is constantly changing, therefore theories, propositions and scientific laws should not be stated as absolutes but as probabilities.
a. Pragmatism
b. Humanism
c Naturalism
d. Realism
John Dewey wanted education to be used as an instrument for changing society What sort of education was he advocating?
a. Revolutionary education
b. Instrumental education
c. Universal education
d. Dynamic education
As a result of the Accelerated Development Plan for Education of 1951, the government decided to increase intake into secondary schools mainly through
a. Ghana Education Trust
b. Ministry of Education
c. Loans
d. Private participation in education
The Accelerations Development Plan for Education of 1951 sought to bring a/an
a. Improvement in educational standards
b. Universal primary education for the children in Ghana
c. A balanced system of education
d. Marked the end of childrenhood and entry into adulthood
The initiation ceremony for boys and girls in traditional society…………
a. Was used to teach boys and girls their sex roles
b. Was used to teach them the secretes of their society
c. Marked the end of parented control
d. Marked the end of childhood and entry into adulthood.
The first time education was made free and compulsory in Ghana was
a. 1951
b. 1961
c. 2005
d. 2010
Naturalism as a philosophy has its roots in
a Humanism
b. America
c. The Renaissance and the First World War
d. The natural world
During the First World War (1914-1918) schools deteriorated in the following
i. Soldiers used schools as bases
ii. Curriculum was largely academic
iii. Teaching methods were largely teacher-centered
iv. Teachers were untrained
v. Instructional materials were inappropriate,
a. i and v
b. ii and iv
c. i and iv
d. ii and v
While the Naturalist believes in the natural environment, the Pragmatist
a. Creates the environment
b. Defines the environment
c. Operates in the environment
d. Manipulates the environment
Mana Montesson was the first woman to graduate from
a. Technical school
b. University of Rome
c. Medical school in University of Rome
d. Department of Philosophy in University of Rome
This theory explains that our actions immediately convey to us knowledge of their rightness or wrongness
a. Naturalism theory of ethics
b. Intuitionism theory of ethics
c. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
This theory explains that right or wrong actions are determined by the culture of a society
a. Naturalism theory of ethics
b. Intuitionism of ethics
c. Emotivism theory of ethics
d. Piaget’s theory of moral development
The less rigid training or learning organized at specific times by various established bodies to meet specific learning needs of specific groups of people is called
a. Informal education
b. Distance education
c. Non-formal education
d. In-service training
Rousseau asserts that each of us is taught by the following three masters
a. Adults, teachers and friends
b. Formal, non-formal and informal education
c. Nature, men and things
d. Parents, teachers and experiences
This method of teaching views teachers as facilitators, advisers, guides and project directors
a. Traditional methods of teaching
b. Medern method of teaching
c. Heuristic method of teaching
d. Socratic method of teaching

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To the naturalist philosopher, all important knowledge or truts is “a posterior”. This means the truth or falsity of any theory, proposition or scientific law can be establishes only through.
a. Discovery
b. Experiment
c. Reason
d. Observation
Epistemology is a theory of
a. Existence
b.Knowledge and truth
c. Value
d. form and matter
Who can philosophize
a. Philosophers
b. Educated people
c. Everybody
d. Universities
The study of the rightness or wrongness of human actions is referred to as
a. Morality
b. Ethics
c. Logic
d. Axiology
All the following are studied in philosophy of education except
a. Logic
b. Metaphysics
c. Epistemology
d. Axiology
The main purpose of the FCUBE programme is to
a. Improve access to education at all levels
b. Improve access to science and technology education
c. Make basic education available to all Ghanaians
d. Improve the quality of teaching and learning at all levels
Despite the immerse contribution Aristotle made to the foundation of realism, realism found its way into modern world largely through the influence of philosophers such as
a. Francis Bacon and John Locke
b. . Freeman and M. J. Farrell
c. J. M. Foy and L. Festinger
d. J. M. Carlsmith and J. F. Herbert
In the first developmental level (age one to six) of Montessori Melhod, the child works on his own but in the second developmental level (age six to twelve) collaborate with others is encouraged and ……
a. Universal education is introduced
b. The teacher takes the backseat
c. Teacher-center education is introduced
d. Small groups’ method is introduced
How many developmental levels are in Montessori Method?
a. 3
b.4
c. 3
d. 2
The philosophy of cary childhood education that provides the foundation for Kindergarten programmes is divided from that ideas of …….
a. Montessori
b. Froebel
c. Pestalozzi
d. Rousseau
The following are principles on which Froebel’s Kindergarten was based
i. Humans are creative beings
ii. Play is the engine that dives true learning
iii. Children can learn what they are ready to learn
iv. Activities are a window to a child’s inner world
v. Education means in lead someone towards knowledge
vi. Mathematical work is not just for instruction is also emphasizes
a. i and vi
b. i and iv
c. i and iv
d. i and vii

The concept that children should be surtured from an early age like new shoots
a. plant is called a Nursery
b. Pre-school education
c. Kindergarten
d. Early childhood Education
In his book the Great Didactic, Comenius (1592-1670) described the existing schools at his time as
a. Terror for boys and shamble for their intellect
b Down the step of disenchantment
c. Yielding to a wave of pity
d. Awkward as a cart-house
J. A. Comenius (1592-1670) recommended universal education and his efforts at universal education earned him the title.
a. Pan sophism
b. Father of modern education
c. Father of Nations
d. Teacher of Nations
To the… what people learn in school should not be qualitatively different from what they learn in other parts of life so that the ideas they develop become instruments for successful living.
a. Idealists
b. Pragmatists
c. Naturalists
d. Realists
To the the state should provide and control a universal compulsory public education for the entire citizens from birth to maturity to improve individuals and national character
a. Idealists
b. Pragmatists
c. Naturalists
d. Realist:
To the all men have the right to general education that will allow them to perfect themselves as human beings
a. Idealists
b. Pragmatics
c. Naturalists
d. Realists

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Which of the following statements is not true about the modern method of teaching
a. It encourages rote learning
b. The teachers takes the backseat and only acts as a facilitator, guide and adviser
c. Students learn individually or in groups
d. Tasks given to learners are related to their abilities, interest and needs
Which of the following statements is not true about the traditional method teaching?
a. The teacher acts as a dictator and determines all curricular activities.
b. Learners determines strategics or methods for solving problems
c. Teacher dishes out knowledge to the students through lecture.
d. Learners pay attention, receive information and write notes.
Which of the following statements is not true about philosophy of education
a. It helps a person to decide what to do with his life to lead qualities to gene religious devotion or to eat, sleep and die.
b. It helps us to understand the whole educational process better because it d aspects of educations-meaning, aims, content, method etc.
c. It helps us to develop sound strategies and practical based on philosophy enhances the teaching learning process.
d. It helps us to understand clearly certain controversial education concepts teacher-centered and learner-centered education.
The study that seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality a essence of things is the definition of…….
a. Metaphysics
b. Logic
c. Philosophy
d. Epistemology
Which of the following statement is not true about philosophy?
a. It helps a provides the tools for searching for knowledge
b. It helps a person to discuss educational issues critically and analytically
c. It helps a person to decide what to do with his life-to lead quality of general
religious devotion or to eat, sleep and die
d. It helps us to understand and explain the nature and the history of our civilization
Which philosophy holds the view that the interpretation of the world given by the natural sciences is the only satisfactory one?
a. Pan Sophism
b. Idealism
c. Naturalism
d. Utilitarianism
John Fredrick Herbert believed that a well-rounded and moral education …..an individual’s
a. Success in life
b. Growth and development
c. Moral growth and resistance to evil
d. Moral development